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Figure 3-5. The action configuration form for the Beep multiple times action Drupal has added a Description field to the action configuration form. The value of this field is editable and will be used instead of the default description that was defined in the action_info hook. That makes sense, because we could create one advanced action to beep two times and give it the description Beep two times and another that beeps five times with the description Beep five times. That way, we could tell the difference between the two advanced actions when assigning actions to a trigger. Advanced actions can thus be described in a way that makes sense to the administrator.

Once you have created an array, you are free to pass it as an argument or receive it as a member return value. For example, the following PrintArray() method takes an incoming array of ints and prints each member to the console, while the GetStringArray() method populates an array of strings and returns it to the caller: static void PrintArray(int[] myInts) { for(int i = 0; i < myInts.Length; i++) Console.WriteLine("Item {0} is {1}", i, myInts[i]); } static string[] GetStringArray() { string[] theStrings = {"Hello", "from", "GetStringArray"}; return theStrings; } These methods may be invoked as you would expect: static void PassAndReceiveArrays() { Console.WriteLine("=> Arrays as params and return values."); // Pass array as parameter. int[] ages = {20, 22, 23, 0} ; PrintArray(ages); // Get array as return value. string[] strs = GetStringArray(); foreach(string s in strs) Console.WriteLine(s); Console.WriteLine(); } At this point, hopefully you feel comfortable with the process of defining, filling, and examining the contents of a C# array variable. To complete the picture, let s now examine the role of the System.Array cSystem.Array class.

Every array you create gathers much of its functionality from the System.Array class. Using these common members, you are able to operate on an array using a consistent object model. Table 4-2 gives a rundown of some of the more interesting members (be sure to check the .NET Framework 4.0 SDK documentation for full details).

Tip These two actions, Beep two times and Beep five times, can be referred to as instances of the Beep multiple times action.

Clear()

This static method sets a range of elements in the array to empty values (0 for numbers, null for object references, false for booleans). This method is used to copy elements from the source array into the destination array. This property returns the number of items within the array. This property returns the number of dimensions of the current array. This static method reverses the contents of an one-dimensional array. This static method sorts a one-dimensional array of intrinsic types. If the elements in the array implement the IComparer interface, you can also sort your custom types (see 9).

The validation function is like any other form validation function in Drupal (see 11 for more on form validation). In this case, we check to make sure the user has actually entered a number and that the number is not excessively large. The submit function s return value is special for action configuration forms. It should be an array keyed by the fields we are interested in. The values in this array will be made available to the action when it runs. The description is handled automatically, so we need only to return the field we provided, that is, the number of beeps.

CopyTo()

Length Rank Reverse() Sort()

Let s see some of these members in action. The following helper method makes use of the static Reverse() and Clear() methods to pump out information about an array of string types to the console: static void SystemArrayFunctionality() { Console.WriteLine("=> Working with System.Array."); // Initialize items at startup. string[] gothicBands = {"Tones on Tail", "Bauhaus", "Sisters of Mercy"}; // Print out names in declared order. Console.WriteLine("-> Here is the array:"); for (int i = 0; i < gothicBands.Length; i++) { // Print a name Console.Write(gothicBands[i] + ", "); } Console.WriteLine("\n"); // Reverse them... Array.Reverse(gothicBands); Console.WriteLine("-> The reversed array"); // ... and print them. for (int i = 0; i < gothicBands.Length; i++) { // Print a name Console.Write(gothicBands[i] + ", "); } Console.WriteLine("\n");

Finally, it is time to write the advanced action itself: /** * Configurable action. Beeps a specified number of times. */ function beep_multiple_beep_action($object, $context) { for ($i = 0; $i < $context['beeps']; $i++) { beep_beep(); } } You ll notice that the action accepts two parameters, $object and $context. This is in contrast to the simple action we wrote earlier, which used no parameters.